By Dung Trinh, Guest columnist

As we age, neurocognitive disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, can be particularly worrisome, impacting not just the individual but also their loved ones.

Understanding the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for seniors and their families, as it can help in recognizing symptoms, seeking timely medical advice, and managing the conditions effectively. Early detection and proper management can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected, allowing them to maintain their independence and dignity for as long as possible.

Dementia is an umbrella term for a set of symptoms that severely affect cognitive abilities and interfere with daily life. These symptoms can include memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language and communication, and changes in mood and behavior.

Dementia is not a single disease — but rather a syndrome caused by various underlying conditions that damage the brain. The severity of dementia can vary, with some individuals experiencing mild cognitive impairment, while others may face more profound and debilitating challenges.

The causes of dementia can vary widely, ranging from vascular issues to brain injuries and other neurodegenerative diseases.

For instance, vascular dementia results from conditions that block or reduce blood flow to the brain, preventing brain cells from getting the oxygen and nutrients they need. This type of dementia often occurs after a stroke or a series of mini-strokes, leading to a gradual decline in cognitive function. Other causes of dementia include Lewy body disease, characterized by abnormal protein deposits in the brain, and frontotemporal dementia, which affects the frontal and temporal lobes, leading to changes in personality and behavior. Chronic alcoholism, vitamin deficiencies and even prolonged exposure to certain toxins can also contribute to the development of dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases in seniors. It is a specific neurodegenerative disease that gradually worsens over time, leading to serious problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain, specifically amyloid plaques and tau tangles. These proteins disrupt normal brain function by damaging neurons and eventually leading to their death. The loss of brain cells results in the shrinking of the brain and the progressive decline in cognitive abilities.

Unlike other forms of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease has a distinct progression.

Initially, individuals may experience mild memory loss and confusion, and struggle to remember recent events or conversations. As the disease progresses, symptoms become more severe, leading to significant memory loss, confusion about time and place, and difficulty with language and communication. Behavioral changes such as anxiety, agitation and withdrawal from social interactions are common, and daily tasks become more difficult, eventually leading to complete dependency on caregivers. In the later stages of Alzheimer’s, individuals may lose the ability to carry on a conversation, respond to their environment, or control movement.

Although the exact cause of Alzheimer’s is still not fully understood, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, particularly in cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s, where mutations in specific genes increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or head injuries, may also contribute to the risk. Lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity and cognitive engagement, are increasingly recognized as important in either mitigating or exacerbating the risk of Alzheimer’s.

This blend of factors suggests that while we cannot entirely prevent Alzheimer’s, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk.

Regular physical activity helps maintain brain health by promoting blood flow and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, a known contributor to cognitive decline. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and healthy fats, often referred to as a Mediterranean diet, has been associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s. Mental stimulation through activities like reading, puzzles, and social engagement can also help keep the brain active and potentially delay the onset of symptoms.

Understanding these conditions can be a source of comfort and empowerment for seniors and their families. By learning more about dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, individuals can better recognize the signs and symptoms, seek timely medical advice, and explore appropriate treatment options. Early intervention can include medications to manage symptoms, as well as lifestyle changes and support services to help maintain independence for as long as possible. Additionally, connecting with support groups and resources can provide emotional and practical assistance for both patients and caregivers, fostering a sense of community and shared experience.

Remember, you are not alone in this journey. Hope and help are always available, and taking proactive steps today can make a significant difference in your quality of life tomorrow. To learn more about dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and available support resources, visit gnpweb.com.

Dr. Dung Trinh is the chief medical officer of Healthy Brain Clinic, a board member for Alzheimer’s Orange County and a physician with MemorialCare, and is a medical missionary with TongueOut Medical Missions.